Bihar, often celebrated for its rich culture and history, is now making headlines for a far grimmer reason. According to the latest reports, five cities in Bihar – Patna, Muzaffarpur, Gaya, Hajipur, and Bettiah are among the most polluted in the country. This alarming revelation underscores the urgent need for effective policies to combat the growing menace of air pollution, which poses severe health risks to millions of residents.
The Pollution Crisis in Numbers
The data reveals that these cities consistently record air quality index (AQI) levels well above the permissible limits set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Patna, the state capital, often exceeds hazardous AQI levels, making it one of the most polluted urban centers in India. Muzaffarpur and Gaya, important economic and cultural hubs, are not far behind, with air pollution reaching levels that threaten public health. Hajipur and Bettiah, though smaller in size, are also grappling with dangerously high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), a primary pollutant.
Key Contributors to Pollution
Several factors contribute to the worsening air quality in Bihar’s cities:
- Vehicular Emissions: A significant increase in vehicle numbers, coupled with outdated engines and lack of emission controls, adds to the pollution load.
- Industrial Activities: The rise of unregulated industries and brick kilns in and around these cities emits a significant amount of harmful pollutants.
- Construction Dust: Rapid urbanization has led to unchecked construction activities, producing large amounts of particulate matter.
- Burning of Waste and Biomass: Open burning of garbage and crop residue remains a persistent issue in the state, particularly during the winter months.
Health Impacts of Air Pollution
The impact of this environmental crisis on public health is severe. Prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution has been linked to respiratory ailments, cardiovascular diseases, and a host of other health problems. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable, with a marked increase in cases of asthma, bronchitis, and other chronic conditions. According to experts, the poor air quality could reduce life expectancy and increase healthcare costs significantly.
Government and Public Response
Despite the dire situation, efforts to combat air pollution in Bihar have been limited. While the state government has introduced measures like banning old vehicles and promoting afforestation, implementation remains a challenge. Awareness campaigns on pollution control and sustainable living are sporadic at best.
Public participation in tackling pollution is also lacking, with many unaware of the small steps they can take, such as reducing vehicle use, segregating waste, and avoiding open burning.
Lessons from Other States
Bihar can learn from states like Delhi and Maharashtra, which have implemented various pollution control measures with varying degrees of success. The implementation of odd-even vehicle schemes, installation of smog towers, and stricter emission norms could serve as a blueprint for Bihar’s cities.
Way Forward
Addressing this crisis requires a multi-pronged approach:
- Policy Interventions: The government must enforce stringent emission norms for vehicles and industries while ensuring regular monitoring of air quality.
- Infrastructure Development: Investing in cleaner technologies and better public transportation systems can significantly reduce pollution levels.
- Community Engagement: Encouraging citizens to adopt eco-friendly practices and actively participate in pollution control initiatives is crucial.
- Renewable Energy Push: A shift toward renewable energy sources can help reduce dependency on coal and other polluting fuels.
Conclusion
The inclusion of five Bihar cities among India’s most polluted is a wake-up call for both policymakers and citizens. While the road ahead is challenging, immediate and sustained action can turn the tide against pollution. Bihar’s journey from being a pollution hotspot to a model of sustainable living depends on collective willpower and innovative solutions. It’s time to act before the air becomes unbreathable for generations to come.
